Belajar Python untuk Pemula 2026: Tutorial Lengkap dari Nol

Python adalah bahasa pemrograman paling populer di 2026! Easy to learn, powerful, dan banyak job opportunities. Di tutorial ini, kita belajar Python dari nol sampai bisa bikin project sendiri.

Kenapa Belajar Python?

Easy to Learn

# Hello World in Python
print("Hello, World!")

# Compare with Java
public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
    }
}

Python jauh lebih simple!

Versatile

• Web Development (Django, Flask)
• Data Science & AI
• Automation & Scripting
• Game Development
• Desktop Apps
• IoT & Robotics

High Demand

• Gaji: Rp 8-20 juta/bulan
• 50.000+ job openings
• Remote work friendly
• Freelance rate tinggi

Large Community

• Banyak tutorial gratis
• Library lengkap (400.000+)
• Stack Overflow support
• Active forums

Setup Python

Install Python

Download: https://python.org (Python 3.12+)

# Check installation
python --version
# or
python3 --version

Code Editor

VS Code (Recommended)

• Download: https://code.visualstudio.com
• Install Python extension
• Install Pylance

Alternatives:

• PyCharm (IDE lengkap)
• Jupyter Notebook (data science)
• Sublime Text
• Atom

First Program

# hello.py
print("Hello, Python!")
print("Welcome to programming")

Run:

python hello.py

Python Basics

Variables & Data Types

# Numbers
age = 25
price = 99.99
complex_num = 3 + 4j

# Strings
name = "John Doe"
message = 'Hello World'
multiline = """This is
a multiline
string"""

# Boolean
is_active = True
is_admin = False

# None (null)
result = None

# Type checking
print(type(age))  # <class 'int'>
print(type(name))  # <class 'str'>

Operators

# Arithmetic
10 + 5   # 15
10 - 5   # 5
10 * 5   # 50
10 / 5   # 2.0
10 // 5  # 2 (floor division)
10 % 3   # 1 (modulo)
10 ** 2  # 100 (power)

# Comparison
10 == 10  # True
10 != 5   # True
10 > 5    # True
10 <= 10  # True

# Logical
True and False  # False
True or False   # True
not True        # False

Input/Output

# Input
name = input("Enter your name: ")
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

# Output
print("Hello,", name)
print(f"You are {age} years old")  # f-string
print("Name: {} Age: {}".format(name, age))

Conditional Statements

age = 18

if age >= 18:
    print("Adult")
elif age >= 13:
    print("Teenager")
else:
    print("Child")

# Ternary operator
status = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"

Loops

# For loop
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)  # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

# While loop
count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

# Break & Continue
for i in range(10):
    if i == 3:
        continue  # skip 3
    if i == 7:
        break  # stop at 7
    print(i)

Data Structures

Lists (Array)

# Create list
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
mixed = [1, "hello", True, 3.14]

# Access
print(fruits[0])  # apple
print(fruits[-1])  # orange (last)

# Modify
fruits[1] = "mango"
fruits.append("grape")
fruits.insert(0, "kiwi")
fruits.remove("apple")
fruits.pop()  # remove last

# Slicing
print(numbers[1:4])  # [2, 3, 4]
print(numbers[:3])   # [1, 2, 3]
print(numbers[2:])   # [3, 4, 5]

# Methods
len(fruits)
fruits.sort()
fruits.reverse()

Tuples (Immutable)

coordinates = (10, 20)
rgb = (255, 128, 0)

# Cannot modify
# coordinates[0] = 15  # Error!

# Unpacking
x, y = coordinates
r, g, b = rgb

Dictionaries (Key-Value)

# Create
person = {
    "name": "John",
    "age": 25,
    "city": "Jakarta"
}

# Access
print(person["name"])
print(person.get("age"))

# Modify
person["age"] = 26
person["email"] = "john@example.com"
del person["city"]

# Methods
person.keys()
person.values()
person.items()

Sets (Unique)

numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
numbers.add(6)
numbers.remove(3)

# Operations
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
set1.union(set2)        # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
set1.intersection(set2) # {3}
set1.difference(set2)   # {1, 2}

Functions

Basic Function

def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet("John")

# Return value
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

result = add(5, 3)

Default Parameters

def greet(name, greeting="Hello"):
    print(f"{greeting}, {name}!")

greet("John")              # Hello, John!
greet("Jane", "Hi")        # Hi, Jane!

*args & **kwargs

def sum_all(*args):
    return sum(args)

print(sum_all(1, 2, 3, 4))  # 10

def print_info(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

print_info(name="John", age=25)

Lambda Functions

square = lambda x: x ** 2
print(square(5))  # 25

# With map, filter
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared = list(map(lambda x: x**2, numbers))
evens = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers))

Object-Oriented Programming

Classes & Objects

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    
    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hi, I'm {self.name}")
    
    def birthday(self):
        self.age += 1

# Create object
person1 = Person("John", 25)
person1.greet()
person1.birthday()

Inheritance

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, student_id):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self.student_id = student_id
    
    def study(self):
        print(f"{self.name} is studying")

student = Student("Jane", 20, "S001")
student.greet()
student.study()

File Handling

Read File

# Read all
with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

# Read lines
with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
    for line in file:
        print(line.strip())

Write File

# Write (overwrite)
with open("output.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, World!\n")
    file.write("Python is awesome!")

# Append
with open("output.txt", "a") as file:
    file.write("\nNew line")

Error Handling

try:
    number = int(input("Enter number: "))
    result = 10 / number
    print(result)
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid number!")
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero!")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")
finally:
    print("Done!")

Modules & Packages

Import Modules

# Built-in modules
import math
print(math.pi)
print(math.sqrt(16))

from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
print(now)

import random
print(random.randint(1, 10))

Create Module

# mymodule.py
def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

PI = 3.14159

# main.py
import mymodule
print(mymodule.greet("John"))
print(mymodule.PI)

Popular Libraries

pip install requests  # HTTP requests
pip install pandas    # Data analysis
pip install numpy     # Numerical computing
pip install flask     # Web framework
pip install django    # Web framework

Project Ideas

1. Calculator

def calculator():
    num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
    operator = input("Enter operator (+, -, *, /): ")
    num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
    
    if operator == "+":
        print(num1 + num2)
    elif operator == "-":
        print(num1 - num2)
    elif operator == "*":
        print(num1 * num2)
    elif operator == "/":
        print(num1 / num2)
    else:
        print("Invalid operator!")

calculator()

2. To-Do List

3. Password Generator

4. Weather App (API)

5. Web Scraper

6. Chatbot

7. File Organizer

8. Budget Tracker

Next Steps

Web Development

• Flask: Micro framework
• Django: Full-stack framework
• FastAPI: Modern, fast API

Baca: Cara Membuat API dengan Node.js 2026

Data Science

• Pandas: Data manipulation
• NumPy: Numerical computing
• Matplotlib: Visualization
• Scikit-learn: Machine learning

Automation

• Selenium: Browser automation
• BeautifulSoup: Web scraping
• PyAutoGUI: GUI automation

Resources Belajar

Official

• Python.org Documentation
• Python Tutorial (official)

YouTube

• Corey Schafer
• Programming with Mosh
• freeCodeCamp
• Tech With Tim

Practice

• HackerRank
• LeetCode
• Codewars
• Project Euler

Artikel Terkait

• Cara Membuat API dengan Node.js 2026 - Backend development
• Belajar React JS untuk Pemula 2026 - Frontend development
• Tren Teknologi 2026 - Future of programming

Kesimpulan

Python adalah bahasa pemrograman terbaik untuk pemula di 2026. Easy to learn, versatile, dan high demand. Dengan practice konsisten, Anda bisa mahir dalam 3-6 bulan.

Key Takeaways:

• Start with basics (variables, loops, functions)
• Practice daily (30 menit minimum)
• Build real projects
• Join community
• Never stop learning

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